I-Titanium Alloy Welding
Ingxubevange yokuqala ye-titanium esebenzayo ukuthuthukiswa ngempumelelo kwengxubevange ye-Ti-6Al-4V e-United States ngo-1954, ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwayo, amandla, ipulasitiki, ukuqina, ukwakheka, ikhono lokushisela, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-biocompatibility kuhle, futhi iba ingxubevange ye-ace embonini ye-titanium alloy, ukusetshenziswa kwe-alloy kubalele ama-75% ~ 85% ayo yonke ingxube ye-titanium. Amanye ama-alloys e-titanium amaningi angabonakala njengokuguqulwa kwama-alloys e-Ti-6Al-4V.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1950 nawo-1960, yathuthukisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu le-titanium alloy ye-aero-injini kanye ne-structural titanium alloy yomzimba. Ngawo-1970, kwasungulwa inqwaba ye-titanium alloy resistant corrosion. Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980s, ingxubevange ye-titanium engagqwali kanye nengxubevange ye-titanium enamandla kwathuthukiswa. Izinga lokushisa lesevisi ye-titanium alloy elikwazi ukumelana nokushisa liye lenyuka lisuka ku-400℃ ngeminyaka yawo-1950 laya ku-600 ~ 650℃ ngawo-1990.
Ukubukeka kwe-A2(Ti3Al) kanye ne-r (TiAl) base alloys kwenza i-titanium enjinini isuka ekugcineni ebandayo yenjini (ifeni ne-compressor) iye ekugcineni eshisayo yendlela yenjini (i-turbine). Ama-alloys esakhiwo se-titanium athuthukela emandleni aphezulu, ipulasitiki ephezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu kanye nokubekezelela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-alloys enkumbulo yokuma njenge-Ti-Ni, i-Ti-Ni-Fe ne-Ti-Ni-Nb athuthukiswe kusukela ngawo-1970 futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezobunjiniyela.
Njengamanje, amakhulukhulu ama-alloys e-titanium athuthukisiwe emhlabeni, ane-20 kuya ku-30 yama-alloys adume kakhulu, njenge-Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, Ti-2Al-2.5Zr, Ti-32Mo, Ti-Mo-Ni, Ti-Pd, SP-700, Ti-6242, Ti-10-5-3, Ti-1023, BT9, BT20, IMI829, IMI834, njll.Titanium iyi-isomer, indawo encibilikayo ngu-1668℃ , ngaphansi kuka-882℃ esakhiweni esiminyene se-lattice esiyi-hexagonal, esibizwa ngokuthi i-αtitanium; Ngaphezulu kuka-882℃, isakhiwo se-cubic lattice esimaphakathi nomzimba sibizwa nge-β-titanium.
Ngokusekelwe ezicini ezihlukene zezakhiwo ezimbili ezingenhla ze-titanium, izakhi ezifanele ze-alloying zengezwe ukuze zenze izinga lokushisa lokuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nokuqukethwe kwengxenyana yesigaba se-titanium alloys kushintsha kancane kancane ukuze kutholakale ama-alloys e-titanium anezicubu ezahlukene. Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, ingxubevange ye-titanium inezinhlobo ezintathu zesakhiwo se-matrix, ingxubevange ye-titanium ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo: ingxubevange ye-α, (α+β) ingxubevange kanye ne-β ingxubevange. I-China imelwe yi-TA, TC kanye ne-TB.Kuyi-alloy yesigaba esisodwa esakhiwe ngesisombululo esiqinile se-α-phase, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisebenzayo, yisigaba esingu-α, isakhiwo esizinzile, ukumelana nokugqoka kuphakeme kune-titanium ehlanzekile, ukumelana ne-oxidation eqinile. Ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elingu-500℃ ~ 600℃, amandla ayo nokumelana nokukhasa kusagcinwa, kodwa ayikwazi ukuqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa, futhi amandla ayo ekamelweni lokushisa aliphezulu.