Umthelela weIzimpi Zomhlabaemnothweni womhlaba kuyindaba yocwaningo nenkulumompikiswano phakathi kosomlando kanye nosomnotho ngokufanayo. Izingxabano ezimbili ezinkulu zekhulu lama-20—iMpi Yezwe I neMpi Yezwe II—azange zilolonge nje isimo sezombangazwe sezizwe kodwa futhi nezimiso zezomnotho ezibusa ubudlelwane bezizwe ngezizwe namuhla. Ukuqonda leli thonya kubalulekile ekuqondeni isimo samanje somnotho womhlaba. IMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918) yaphawula inguquko ebalulekile ekuguquguqukeni komnotho emhlabeni wonke. Impi yaholela ekuweni kwemibuso, kuhlanganise noMbuso Wase-Austro-Hungarian nowase-Ottoman, futhi yaphumela ekuqhamukeni kwezizwe ezintsha. ISivumelwano SaseVersailles ngo-1919 sabeka izinxephezelo ezinzima eJalimane, okwaholela ekuntengantengeni komnotho e-Weimar Republic.
Lokhu kungazinzi kube nomthelela ekwenyukeni kokwehla kwamandla emali ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1920, okwaba nemiphumela emibi kulo lonke elaseYurophu nasemhlabeni. Iezomnothoizinxushunxushu zenkathi yezimpi zabeka isisekelo sokuwohloka kwezomnotho Okukhulu, okwaqala ngo-1929 futhi kwaba nemiphumela elimazayo ekuhwebeni kwembulunga yonke nasekuqashweni. Imiphumela yezomnotho yeMpi Yezwe I nayo yabangela izinguquko eziphawulekayo ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni nasezimakethe zemisebenzi. Amazwe ayethembele kwezolimo ngaphambili aqala ukuthuthuka ngokushesha ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zangesikhathi sempi. Lokhu kuguquguquka akuzange kuguqule umnotho kuphela kodwa kuphinde kwashintsha nezinhlaka zomphakathi, njengoba abesifazane bengena emsebenzini ngamanani angakaze abonwe. Impi yabhebhethekisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi kwezokukhiqiza nezokuthutha, kamuva okwakuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni umnotho wekhulu lama-20. IMpi Yezwe II (1939-1945) yaqinisa lezi zinguquko kwezomnotho. Umzamo wempi wawudinga ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwezinsiza, okuholela ekusungulweni kwamasu okukhiqiza kanye nokusungulwa komnotho wesikhathi sempi.
I-United States iqhamuke njengesizinda esinamandla kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke, seyandise umkhiqizo wayo wezimboni kakhulu ukuze isekele amabutho Ahlangene. Inkathi yangemva kwempi yabona ukuqaliswa koHlelo lukaMarshall, olwanikeza usizo lwezezimali ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha umnotho waseYurophu. Lesi sinyathelo asisizanga nje kuphela ekusimamiseni amazwe akhungethwe izimpi kodwa futhi sakhuthaza ukubambisana kwezomnotho nokuhlanganiswa, kwabeka isisekelo se-European Union. Ingqungquthela yaseBretton Woods ngo-1944 yasungula uhlelo olusha lwezimali lwamazwe ngamazwe, yakha izikhungo ezifana ne-International Monetary Fund (IMF) kanye neBhange Lomhlaba. Lezi zikhungo bezihlose ukukhuthaza ukuzinza kwezomnotho emhlabeni wonke kanye nokuvimbela uhlobo lwezinkinga zomnotho ezazikhungethe iminyaka yezimpi. Ukusungulwa kwamazinga okushintshaniswa kwezimali okungaguquki kanye nedola laseMelika njengohlobo lwemali oluyinqolobane yomhlaba wonke kusize ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, kwaqhubeka nokuhlanganisa umnotho womhlaba.
Ithonya leziMpi Zomhlaba ezinqubweni zezomnotho lisabonakala nanamuhla. Izifundo ezitholwe ezimeni ezinzima zomnotho zasekuqaleni kwekhulunyaka lama-20 zilolonge izindlela zamanje zenqubomgomo yezimali nezezimali. Ohulumeni manje babeka eqhulwini ukuzinza nokukhula komnotho, ngokuvamile basebenzisa izindlela eziphikisana nomjikelezo ukuze banciphise imiphumela yokuwohloka komnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-geopolitical landscape eyakhiwe Izimpi Zomhlaba iyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ebudlelwaneni bezomnotho. Ukukhula kwezomnotho ezisafufusa, ikakhulukazi e-Asia, kuguqule ibhalansi yamandla ekuhwebeni komhlaba. Amazwe afana neChina ne-India asephenduke abadlali ababalulekile emnothweni womhlaba, ephonsela inselelo ukukhonya kwezizwe zaseNtshonalanga ezaphuma zinqoba ezimpini zomhlaba.
Sengiphetha, umthelela weziMpi Zomhlaba emnothweni womhlaba ujulile futhi unezici eziningi. Kusukela ekuwohlokeni kwemibuso kanye nokukhula kwezizwe ezintsha kuya ekusungulweni kwezikhungo zezimali zomhlaba wonke, lezi zingxabano zishiye uphawu olungenakucimeka ezakhiweni zezomnotho nezinqubomgomo. Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselele zomnotho eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqonda lo mongo ongokomlando kubalulekile ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukukhula okuzinzile kanye nokubambisana emnothweni womhlaba oxhumene ngokwandayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-08-2024