Amathuluzi Omshini Wesimanje
Izinqubo zokwenziwa kwensimbi ngokuvamile ziyindlela ephumelelayo yokukhiqiza umkhiqizo onikeziwe, noma kunjalo, umuntu udinga amathuluzi esimanje engeziwe ukuze afinyelele izinga eliphezulu lokucaciswa nokufana. Ukwenza kanjalo, amathuluzi okwenza imishini angasetshenziswa ukususa ngokukhetha noma ukuqedela ucezu lwensimbi noma umkhiqizo owenziwe ngensimbi. Amathuluzi emishini yesimanje ngokwesiko anikwa amandla kagesi; i-automation eyengeziwe yenqubo yokwenza imishini ingafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC, eliqondiswa ukuhlelwa kwekhompyutha. Inzuzo enkulu yamathuluzi emishini yesimanje ukufana okukhethekile akunikezayo lapho ekhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi enemingcele nezidingo ezifanayo. Amathuluzi amaningi esimanje asebenza ngomshini ayintuthuko nje yamathuluzi okwenza okwenziwa ngezandla osekungamakhulu eminyaka ikhona. Eminye imiklamo emisha ingenzeka ngenxa yentuthuko yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe.
Amathuluzi Esimanje Asetshenziswa Ekwenziweni
Namuhla, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamathuluzi wokwenza imishini nensimbi zingafakwa ezigabeni ezilandelayo:
Ama-Lathes
Imishini yokumba
Imishini yokugaya
Imishini yokudoba
Imishini yokucija
Ababumbi begiya
Imishini yokuhlela
Imishini yokugaya
Imishini yokugeza
I-lathe iqukethe ucezu lomsebenzi oluzungezayo lapho into esebenzayo (kulokhu, insimbi) ibekwe-umphumela uba ukubunjwa okulinganayo nokuqondile komkhiqizo. Njengoba umkhiqizo ujikeleza, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukusika, ukugoqa, ukubhola noma ukushintsha ngenye indlela insimbi. Ukungqubuzana kwezimbangela zokuzungezisa kunikeza indlela elula yokuletha umphumela ofanayo kuwo wonke umzuliswano wento, okwenza amalebula abe ukukhetha okuhle emikhiqizweni elinganayo ezungeze i-eksisi yokuzungezisa. Amalebula ayahluka ngosayizi, nezinguqulo ezincane kakhulu eziphathwa ngesandla ezisetshenziselwa ubucwebe nokwenza amawashi.
Imishini yokumba, ebizwa nangokuthi imishini yokubhoboza, iqukethe i-drill engaguquki efakwe noma eboshelwe endaweni yokumisa noma ibhentshi lokusebenzela. Imishini yokubhoboza isetshenziswa ngendlela efana kakhulu neyokubhobolwa ngesandla kanye nekagesi, nokho-ke, isimo sokuma semishini yokubhoboza sidinga ukuzikhandla okuncane ukuze kutholakale ukubhola okufanele futhi kuzinze kakhulu. Izinto ezifana ne-engeli ye-drill spindle zingalungiswa futhi zigcinwe ukuvumela ukubhola okuphindaphindiwe nokungashintshi. Izinhlobo zesimanje zemishini yokumba zifaka izimbobo zezinyawo, izimbobo zamabhentshi, nezinsika zokubhola.
Ngokufana nemishini yokumba,imishini yokugayasebenzisa isisiki esizinzile esizungezayo ukuze umshini ucezu lwensimbi, kodwa uvumele ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe ngokwenza ngokungeziwe ukusika emaceleni. Eminye imishini yokugaya yesimanje inomshini wokusika ohambahambayo, kanti eminye inetafula elihambayo elihamba ngesisiki esinganyakazi ukuze liqedele umphumela oyifunayo. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemishini yokugaya zihlanganisa imishini yokugaya ngesandla, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokugaya yonke indawo kanye nemishini yokugaya yonke indawo. Zonke izinhlobo zemishini yokugaya ziyatholakala ekucushweni okuqondile nokuvundlile.
Aumshini wokubhobozakufana nomshini wokugaya ngokuthi umsiki ojikelezayo wenza isenzo sokusika, nokho, avumela ukunyakaza ngesikhathi esisodwa kokubili umsiki kanye nomkhiqizo owenziwa ngomshini. Leli khono eliyingqayizivele lenza i-hobbing ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zemishini ye-3D ezidinga amaphrofayili wezinyo afanayo. Ukusika amagiya kungenye yezicelo ezivame kakhulu zemishini yesimanje yokuhobha.
Imishini yokucija, owaziwa nangokuthi ama-hones, ahlanganisa kakhulu iseluleko esisodwa noma amaningi azungezisayo, okuthi, ekusebenzeni kwensimbi, akhulise izimbobo zibe yidayamitha enembile futhi athuthukise isiphetho esingaphezulu. Izinhlobo zemishini yokucija zihlanganisa ephathwayo, eyenziwa ngesandla kanye ne-othomathikhi. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngosizo lokucija ihlanganisa amasilinda enjini.
Nakuba umshini wokubhoboza usika amazinyo angaphandle egiya, awesimanjemanjeababumbi begiyaukwakha amazinyo egiya langaphakathi. Lokhu kufezwa kusetshenziswa i-cutter ephindaphindayo enephimbo elifanayo negiya elisikwayo. Ababumbi bamagiya besimanje bavumela ukunemba okwandisiwe ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzelana kwe-stroke okuya phambili kanye nokunqanyulwa kwe-stroke okubuyela emuva.
Abahlelikukhona imishini yokubumba emikhulu ehambisa umkhiqizo wensimbi wangempela ngokuphambene nokuhambisa indlela yokusika. Umphumela ufana nowomshini wokugaya, okwenza amapulani alungele ukubumba izindawo eziyisicaba noma ezinde. Imishini yokugaya yesimanje iphakeme ngandlela-thile kunabahleli emisebenzini eminingi; Nokho, abaklami basazuzisa lapho izingxenye zensimbi ezinkulu kakhulu zidinga ukuhlukaniswa.
Izigayizingamathuluzi esimanje okwenza isondo asebenzisa isondo elihuqayo ukuze enze ukuqedwa okuhle noma ukusikeka okuncane. Ngokuya ngomshini wokugaya othize, isondo eliqhumayo noma umkhiqizo uhanjiswa ngapha nangapha ukuze ufinyelele isiphetho osifunayo. Izinhlobo zokugaya zihlanganisa izigayi zamabhande, amabhentshi okugaya, ama-cylindrical grinders, ama-surface grinders, nama-jig grinders.
Aumshini wokugcwalisa, noma i-broach, isebenzisa amaphoyinti amade ukuze kugundwe umugqa kanye nokunyakaza kokukhuhla kokusebenza okunikeziwe. Ama-broach avame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izimo ezingezona eziyindilinga ngaphandle kwezimbobo ezike zashaywa ngaphambili ensimbi. Baphinde bagawule ama-splines nokhiye kumagiya namapulley. Ama-Rotary broaches ayisigatshana esiyingqayizivele semishini yokuphequlula, esetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-lathe ukudala ukunyakaza okusika okuvundlile nokuma kanyekanye.