Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokusebenza Kwemishini
Ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwengxenye, izinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yemishini nezinqubo ziyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe izinto ezisetshenziswayo. Le misebenzi ngokuvamile iwumshini futhi ihilela amathuluzi okusika, amasondo abrasive, namadiski, njll. Imisebenzi yomshini ingase yenziwe kumamo wokugaya isitokwe njengamabha namaflethi noma ingase yenziwe ezingxenyeni ezenziwe ngezindlela zangaphambilini zokukhiqiza ezifana nokulingisa noma ukushisela. Ngokuthuthuka kwakamuva kokukhiqiza okungeziwe, ukwenziwa kwemishini kusanda kubizwa ngokuthi inqubo “ekhiphayo” ukuchaza ukususa kwayo izinto ukuze kwenziwe ingxenye eqediwe.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokusebenza Kwemishini
Izinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomshini ziphenduka nokugaya - kuchazwe ngezansi. Ezinye izinqubo ngezinye izikhathi ziyefana nalezi zinqubo noma zenziwa ngemishini ezimele. I-drill bit, isibonelo, ingase ifakwe emshinini osetshenziselwa ukujika noma ukuchotshozwa emshinini wokubhoboza. Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakungenziwa umehluko phakathi kokuphenduka, lapho ingxenye ijikeleza khona, nokugaya, lapho ithuluzi lizungeza khona. Lokhu kuye kwafiphala ngandlela thize ngokufika kwezikhungo zemishini kanye nezikhungo zokujika ezikwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yemishini ngayinye emshinini owodwa.
Ukuphenduka
Ukuphenduka kuyinqubo yomshini eyenziwa nge-lathe; i-lathe ijikelezisa ucezu lokusebenza njengoba amathuluzi okusika enyakaza kuwo. Amathuluzi okusika asebenza ngokuhambisana nezimbazo ezimbili zokunyakaza ukuze enze ukusikeka ngokujula nobubanzi obunembile. Amalebula atholakala ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene, olwendabuko, uhlobo lwezandla, kanye nohlobo oluzenzakalelayo lwe-CNC.Inqubo yokujika ingenziwa ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi kwempahla. Uma kwenziwa ngaphakathi, kwaziwa ngokuthi "boring" -le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni izingxenye ze-tubular.Enye ingxenye yenqubo yokujika ibizwa ngokuthi "ukubheka" futhi kwenzeka lapho ithuluzi lokusika lihamba linqamula ekugcineni kwendawo yokusebenza - ngokuvamile kwenziwa phakathi nesigaba sokuqala nesokugcina senqubo yokuphenduka. Ubuso bungasetshenziswa kuphela uma i-lathe ine-cross-slide esifakiwe. Yayivame ukukhiqiza i-datum ebusweni bobunjwa bokusakaza noma isitoko esincike ku-eksisi ejikelezayo.
Ama-lathes ngokuvamile ahlonzwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene ezincane - ama-turret lathe, ama-lathes enjini, kanye nezinjongo ezikhethekile. Izintambo zenjini ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu olutholakala ekusetshenzisweni ngumashini jikelele noma umuntu wokuzilibazisa. Izintambo ze-Turret nezinjongo ezikhethekile zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukwenziwa okuphindaphindiwe kwezingxenye. I-turret lathe ifaka isibambi sethuluzi esivumela umshini ukuthi wenze imisebenzi eminingi yokusika ngokulandelana ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuvela ku-opharetha. Amalebula enhloso ekhethekile ahlanganisa, ngokwesibonelo, amalebula ediski nezigubhu, igalaji lezimoto elingawasebenzisa ukuze kuphinde kubonakale indawo engaphezulu yezingxenye zamabhuleki.
Izikhungo zokuguqula umshini we-CNC zihlanganisa isitokwe sekhanda nesisila sezintambo zendabuko nezimbazo zokuphotha ezengeziwe ukuze zinike amandla ukusetjenziswa okuphumelelayo kwezingxenye ezinokulinganisa okujikelezayo (ngokwesibonelo, izigqugquzeli zamaphampu) kuhlanganiswe nekhono lomsiki wokugaya ukuze kukhiqizwe izici eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amajika ayinkimbinkimbi angadalwa ngokuzungezisa ucezu lokusebenza nge-arc njengoba umsiki wokugaya uhamba ngendlela ehlukile, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-5 axis machining.
Ukubhoboza/Kuyacika/Ukwakha kabusha
Ukubhoboza kukhiqiza izimbobo eziyisilinda ezintweni eziqinile kusetshenziswa izingcezu zokubhoboza—kungenye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhanda njengoba izimbobo ezidaliwe ngokuvamile zihloselwe ukusiza ekuhlanganiseni. Umshini wokubhoboza uvame ukusetshenziswa kodwa izingcezu zingahle zifakwe emigqeni. Emisebenzini eminingi yokukhiqiza, ukumba kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhiqiza izimbobo eziqediwe, ezithepha kamuva, ezivuselelwe kabusha, ezibhorekile, njll. Izingcezu zokubhoboza ngokuvamile zizosika izimbobo ezinkulu kunosayizi wazo ovamile kanye nezimbobo ezingaqondile noma eziyindilinga ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwebhithi nokuthambekela kwayo ukuthatha indlela yokumelana okuncane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukumba kuvame ukucaciswa ukuthi kuncane kangakanani futhi kulandelwa omunye umsebenzi womshini okhipha imbobo endaweni yayo eqediwe.
Nakuba ukubhoboza nokubhora kuvame ukudideka, ukubhora kusetshenziselwa ukucolisa ubukhulu nokunemba kwembobo ebhoboziwe. Imishini eyisicefe iza ngokuhlukahluka okuningana kuye ngobukhulu bomsebenzi. Umshini wokugaywa oqondile usetshenziselwa umshini wokulingisa omkhulu kakhulu, osindayo lapho umsebenzi ujika khona kuyilapho ithuluzi eliyisicefe libanjwe limile. Izigayo ezivundlile eziyisicefe kanye nama-jig borer abamba umsebenzi umile futhi azungezisa ithuluzi lokusika. Ukubhoreka kwenziwa futhi ku-lathe noma esikhungweni somshini. Umsiki oyisicefe uvamise ukusebenzisa iphoyinti elilodwa umshini ohlangothini lwembobo, okuvumela ithuluzi ukuthi lisebenze ngokuqinile kune-drill bit. Izimbobo ezinezintambo ekubunjweni ngokuvamile ziqedwa ngokubhoreka.
Ukugaya
Ukugaya kusebenzisa izisiki ezizungezisayo ukuze zisuse izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ngokungafani nemisebenzi yokujika lapho ithuluzi lingaphenduki khona. Imishini yokugaya yendabuko inamathebula anyakazayo lapho kugxunyekwe khona izinto zokusebenza. Kule mishini, amathuluzi okusika amile futhi itafula lihambisa impahla ukuze kwenziwe ukusikeka okufunayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zemishini yokugaya zifaka kokubili itafula namathuluzi okusika njengamathuluzi anyakazayo.
Imisebenzi emibili yokugaya eyinhloko ukugaya ama-slab kanye nokugaya ubuso. Ukugaya nge-slab kusebenzisa imiphetho ezungezayo yesisiki sokugaya ukwenza ukusikeka okuhleliwe ebusweni bomsebenzi. Okhiye ku-shafts bangasikwa kusetshenziswa isisiki esifanayo nakuba sincane kunesisiki esivamile se-slab. Abasiki bobuso esikhundleni salokho basebenzisa isiphetho se-milling cutter. Abasiki abakhethekile bayatholakala ukuze benze imisebenzi eyahlukene, njengabasiki bebhola-ekhaleni abangasetshenziswa ukugaya amaphakethe odonga olugobile.
Eminye yemisebenzi umshini wokugaya okwazi ukuyenza ihlanganisa ukuhlela, ukusika, ukurabha, ukuzulazula, ukucwila emanzini, nokunye, ukwenza umshini wokugaya ube omunye wezinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu esitolo semishini.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zemishini yokugaya - imishini yokugaya ngesandla, imishini yokugaya, imishini yokugaya yonke indawo, kanye nemishini yokugaya yonke indawo - futhi ifaka abasiki abavundlile noma abasiki abafakwe ku-eksisi eqondile. Njengoba kulindelekile, umshini wokugaya umhlaba wonke uvumela kokubili amathuluzi okusika amile futhi avundlile, okwenza kube omunye wemishini yokugaya eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eguquguqukayo etholakalayo.
Njengasezikhungweni zokujika, imishini yokugaya ekwazi ukukhiqiza uchungechunge lwemisebenzi engxenyeni ngaphandle kokungenelela komsebenzisi iyinsakavukela futhi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izikhungo zomshini eziqondile nezivundlile. Zihlala zisekelwe ku-CNC.