Ingxubevange Emelana Nokugqwala
Izakhi eziyinhloko ze-alloying yithusi, i-chromium ne-molybdenum. Inezici ezinhle ezibanzi futhi imelana nokugqwala kwe-asidi ehlukahlukene kanye nokugqwala kwengcindezi. Isicelo sokuqala (esenziwa e-United States ngo-1905) i-nickel-copper (Ni-Cu) ingxubevange, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Monel alloy (i-Monel alloy Ni 70 Cu30); ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxubevange ye-nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) (okungukuthi, ingxubevange ye-nickel-resistant-resistant) , ama-alloys amelana nokugqwala kuma-alloys amelana nokugqwala), ama-alloys e-nickel-molybdenum (i-Ni-Mo) (ikakhulukazi ibhekisela ochungechungeni lwe-Hastelloy B), ama-alloys e-nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) (ikakhulukazi ibhekisela ochungechungeni lwe-Hastelloy C), njll.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-nickel ehlanzekile iphinde ibe ummeleli ojwayelekile wama-alloys aphikisana ne-nickel-based corrosion. Lawa ma-alloys amelana nokugqwala asuselwa ku-nickel asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izingxenye zezindawo ezimelana nokugqwala ezifana ne-petroleum, amakhemikhali, namandla kagesi.
Ama-alloys amelana nokugqwala asuselwa ku-nickel ngokuvamile anesakhiwo se-austenite. Esimweni sesisombululo esiqinile kanye nokwelashwa kokuguga, kukhona nezigaba ze-intermetallic kanye ne-carbonitrides yensimbi ku-matrix ye-austenite kanye nemingcele yokusanhlamvu ye-alloy. Ama-alloys ahlukahlukene angagqwali ahlukaniswa ngokwezingxenye zawo futhi izici zawo zimi kanje:
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-Ni-Cu alloy kungcono kunokwe-nickel ekunciphiseni okuphakathi, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kungcono kunokwethusi endaweni ye-oxidizing. Impahla engcono kakhulu yama-asidi (bheka i-Metal Corrosion).
I-Ni-Cr alloy nayo iyingxubevange ye-nickel ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa; isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni ezimaphakathi ze-oxidizing. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation kanye nokugqwala kwamagesi aqukethe isulfure ne-vanadium, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuyanda ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium. Lawa ma-alloys nawo anokumelana okuhle ne-hydroxide (njenge-NaOH, KOH) ukugqwala nokumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezi.
Ama-alloys e-Ni-Mo asetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokunciphisa ukugqwala okuphakathi. Ingenye ye-alloys engcono kakhulu yokumelana nokugqwala ku-hydrochloric acid, kodwa lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo nama-oxidants, ukumelana nokugqwala kwehla kakhulu.
Ingxubevange ye-Ni-Cr-Mo(W) inezici zengxubevange ye-Ni-Cr eshiwo ngenhla ne-Ni-Mo alloy. Ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesimo se-oxidation-reduction medium mix mix. Ama-alloys anjalo anokumelana nokugqwala okuhle ekushiseni okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen fluoride, ku-hydrochloric acid ne-hydrofluoric acid solutions equkethe umoya-mpilo nama-oxidants, nasegesini ye-chlorine emanzi ekamelweni lokushisa. Ingxubevange ye-Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu inamandla okumelana nokugqwala kwe-nitric acid ne-sulfuric acid, futhi inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kwamanye ama-acid axubile anciphisa i-oxidative.